At the most ideal inter-atomic distance, attraction between these particles releases enough energy to facilitate the reaction. However, this reaction is highly favorable because of their electrostatic attraction. The predicted overall energy of the ionic bonding process, which includes the ionization energy of the metal and electron affinity of the nonmetal, is usually positive, indicating that the reaction is endothermic and unfavorable. The electrostatic attractions between the positive and negative ions hold the compound together. In ionic bonding, electrons are transferred from one atom to another resulting in the formation of positive and negative ions. We will look at alloys in our next lesson, Alloys.\) Alloys are made to obtain unique or more precise properties of two or more metal elements. Metallic structure and bonding is not only seen in pure metals, but also in mixtures of different metals combined ‐ these are called alloys.You can see this in the melting and boiling points of metal elements decreasing down the group column. This means the nucleus (where the positive charge is) is further away from the delocalised electrons it is attracted to, so a larger ionic radius makes a weaker metallic bond. In Periodic trends: Atomic radius, we saw that the ionic radius gets larger going down a group in the periodic table. In short, 2 attracting 2- is a stronger force than 1 attracting 1. If you compare a group 1 and group 2 metal in a period like Na and Mg, the group 2 metal will have a higher melting point because of the greater charge difference. For example, compare group 1 metals that have a 1 ion charge and group 2 metals with ions of 2 charge. The charge of the metal ion in the lattice.The trends are caused by different metallic bonding strength which is caused by two main factors: There are trends in properties of metals, like their melting point.This explains why metals are good conductors of both electricity and heat.The fluid sea of negatively charged delocalised electrons easily carry electric charge and heat energy throughout the lattice.Copper is very ductile and most electrical wires are made from it. A material that is ductile can be bent and drawn into thin wires. This is how blacksmithing works (how swords and iron tools are made), as hot metal is hammered into different shapes before it hardens as it cools.
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